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Anatomical connections of the periaqueductal gray: specific neural substrates for different kinds of fear BJMBR
Vianna,D.M.L.; Brandão,M.L..
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) has been traditionally considered to be an exit relay for defensive responses. Functional mapping of its subdivisions has advanced our knowledge of this structure, but synthesis remains difficult mainly because results from lesion and stimulation studies have not correlated perfectly. After using a strategy that combined both techniques and a reevaluation of the available literature on PAG function and connections, we propose here that freezing could be mediated by different PAG subdivisions depending on the presence of immediate danger or exposure to related signaling cues. These subdivisions are separate functional entities with distinct descending and ascending connections that are likely to play a role in different...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Periaqueductal gray; Defense reaction; Fear; Escape; Freezing; Periaqueductal gray columns.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000500002
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Limited interspecific variation in grazing susceptibility of the brown alga Lobophora to herbivory ArchiMer
Vieira, Christophe; Stenger, Pierre-louis; Moleana, Thibaud; De Clerck, Olivier; Payri, Claude.
The genus Lobophora is a notable benthic algal component of tropical coral reefs, capable of dominating large reef areas following coral mortality and herbivory declines. The alga, however, has been the object of contradictory observations in terms of susceptibility to herbivory. Unaware of the species-richness of this genus, most studies referred to Lobophora variegata, a species assumed to present various morphotypes and chemotypes, occupying diverse ecological niches. Variation in susceptibility to herbivory has been consequently interpreted as intraspecific variation in terms of morphology and chemical composition as well as differences in herbivore guild compositions and diet across different locations (e.g., habitat, reef, region). Recent taxonomic...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Defense; Escape; Herbivory; Lobophora; Macroalgae.
Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61491/67518.pdf
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Thermoregulation mode, substrate temperature and camouflage efficiency affecting defensive behavior of lizards in Amazonia Acta Amazonica
SOUZA,Erika; COELHO,Ana; SANTOS-JR,Alfredo P.; KAWASHITA-RIBEIRO,Ricardo Alexandre; FRAGA,Rafael de.
ABSTRACT In ectotherms, defensive responses to predators usually depend on cost-benefit relationships between death risk and the energy required to flee. In this study we investigate Amazonian lizards to test the hypothesis that the minimum predator approach distance (PAD) is influenced by temperature and camouflage. We test the hypothesis that PAD estimated for species with different thermoregulation modes respond differently to temperature and camouflage. We sampled 35 lizards of a heliotherm and a non-heliotherm species, for which we simulated a terrestrial visually oriented predator. Using a fixed-effects linear model, temperature positively affected PAD estimates, but the camouflage did not contribute to the model. Using a mixed linear model assuming...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cnemidophorus lemniscatus; Escape; Gonatodes humeralis; Heliotherm; Non-heliotherm; Predation pressure.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672020000400339
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What can be expected of a T90 extension piece to improve selectivity in bottom trawl multispecific fisheries in the Bay of Biscay? ArchiMer
Kopp, Dorothee; Morandeau, Fabien; Mouchet, Maud; Vogel, Camille; Mehault, Sonia.
In the Bay of Biscay, the selective properties of otter trawls have mainly been studied with regard to single species. However, for bottom trawl multispecific fisheries targeting fish, it remains challenging to find a selective device capable of limiting catches of small individuals of several species without commercial losses. The present study focuses on an innovative technical solution to reduce catches of undersized individuals in a multispecies bottom trawl fishery in the Bay of Biscay. We tested a cylinder made of 100-mm diamond meshes turned at 90°, namely T90 inserted in the extension piece. We present the selectivity results obtained for six commercial species. This device allows the escape of small Solea solea, Trachurus trachurus and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Gear technology; Covered codend; Turned mesh; Escape; Discard ban.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00439/55026/56487.pdf
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